Following the fall of the First Empire in 1815, Hortense moved to Arenenberg in Switzerland. At this time, Napoleon was still without an heir and so intended to take Louis-Napoleon as the successor to the Imperial throne. His father, Louis Bonaparte, was the brother of Napoleon I and his mother, Hortense de Beauharnais, was Napoleon’s step-daughter by his first marriage to Josephine. Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Paris on 20 April 1808. Here you can read about Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte’s early years, his coming to power, and other events during the Second Empire. With the increasing industrialization of France came greater interest in the life of the “worker”, and Europe saw the birth of the nations of Italy and of Germany. Napoleon III’s reign was a period of great modernity and change in France and in Europe.
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